Outline
- History of mammography
- Anatomy of breast
What is mammography?
Mammography is the radiographic examination of the breast tissue (soft tissue radiography). Thus it uses x-rays to produce images of the breast- a mammogram- that provide information about breast morphology, normal anatomy, and gross pathology. Mammography is used primarily to detect and diagnose breast cancer and to evaluate palpable masses and non-palpable breast lesions. Mammograms detect a lesion as small as 2.0mm, Which may take two to four years to become palpable.
Breast cancer accounts for 32% of all new cancers detected in women and 18% of cancer deaths. The best protection against the disease is for women to have regular mammograms so early detection is possible. Women between the ages of 40 and 49 years should have a mammogram at least every two years. Virus patients with a family history of breast cancer should have regular mammograms at an early age.
History of mammography
the history of mammography begins in 1913, when A. Salomon, a Berliner surgeon a Roentgeno histological study on 3,000 mastectomies. This work is the basis of mammography and clinical correlation. R. Leborgne was the first accountable for the wide development of this method. Ch. Gros gave this technique an acknowledgment thought the world for the diagnosis of breast disease. Since 1970, the third period emphasizes the value of mammography as a technique for the detection of breast cancer. In India, memo graphy had evolved into one of the most critical and demanding x-ray studies in the 1990s.
Anatomy of breast
In the adult female, the mammary glands of all breasts are economic of hemispherical protuberance located on the anterior and lateral chest walls. Breast size varies from one individual to another and even in the same woman, depending on the age and the influence of various hormones. However, the usual with breast extends from the anterior portion of the second trip down to the sixth or seventh and forms the lateral border of the sternum well into the axilla.
Surface anatomy
The surface anatomy includes the nipple, a small projection containing a collection of duct opening from the secretary gland within the breast tissue. The pigment red area surrounding the nipple is turned into a river and a circular area of different colors surrounding a central point wall is called the inframammary crease. The axillary tail is a band of tissue that wraps around the pectoral muscle laterally. (See figure)
The width of the breast called the Mediolateral diameter, on most patients is greater than the ventricle measurement from top to bottom. The vertical measurement which may be described as the craniocaudal averages 12 to 15centimetres at the chest wall. The radiographer must realize that more breast exists than the obvious tissue that extends from the chest. Mammary tissue is overlaying the costal cartilages near the sternum and breast tissue is extending will up into the axilla. This breast tissue extends into the axilla is called the tail of the breast or axillary prolongation of the breast.
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